Nokia E72, not for me.

Whenever we buy a device, there is no secret that one day it will become obsolete with the release of a newer generation model. This has finally happened with my E71 after the recent announcement of the E72. I was told about this from a fellow Facebook friend and immediately rushed over to the YouTube site that displayed a leaked Nokia ad. Just moments after I posted the video onto my Facebook page, it was locked out from public access and the link was rendered useless. Luckily, other online resources happened to secure a copy of the video on an alternate site which continued to allow others to see this new E72.

I then had discussions with some fellow Nokia fans on the potential of this new ESeries addition and heard opinions spanning different ends of the spectrum. I had been somewhat skeptical of the E72, but still had some room for consideration when I thought of upgraded features such as the 3.5mm headphone jack, the optical mouse, feature pack 2 and 5megapixel camera. However, I was notified by a fellow Nokia owner that the camera STILL only supports 15 frames per second for video capture! Immediately, every hope that I had for the E72 was thrown to the wind and I was once again satisfied and content to keep my E71.

Upon reading comments from an article on the E72 at conversations.nokia.com (http://conversations.nokia.com/2009/06/15/nokia-e72-unveiled-pics-and-video/#comment-6577), there was a posting on June 15th at 409pm from a member by the name of thomwithah that I found quite interesting and well written.


A Conversations.Nokia.com post from member thomwithah:
+ Optical mouse
+ 3.5mm Audio Jack
+ Digital Compass
+ Native Office 2007 Support
+ Battery Life (Nice on E71 already)
+ HSDPA 1900, and HSUPA
+ Space bar activates the torch
+ Lifetime walk navigation in Nokia maps
+ Native chat, and messaging lifetime

~ More Ram
~ Faster Processor

- NO BlackBerry SUPPORT
- No dedicated Camera Key, seriously?
- No USB Charging
- No video out
- No stereo Speakers
- No FM Transmitter
- No OLED Screen
- Same 320×240
- No FP3 Home Screen Live Widgets
- Still Gen. 1 LED Flash

"That's how I see it. I use a E71 on the regular, and have been pleased. But, I think that this E72 should have been, and could have been, what the e72 is. At least as far as the 5MP camera and 3.5mm jack. I like seeing the N and E series Nokia's move closer together. I don't understand the need to separate them so much. Many of you say that Enterprise users have no need for a good camera. I feel that some do, others just want it. I'm one that wants it. I want a device that does it all, not multiple devices. I think what should separate the E and N series is the pre loaded software, and possibly build quality.

Let the E series come with MS Office Editing nativity, along with other software to support business needs. Avoid the bloatware in the E series, but allow a owner to download it if they like. E Series should have higher build quality and the best available battery life. E series should have more timeless and classic appearances than N series. The price points could be higher, with less churn.

Let N series come loaded with with all the Social Networking, Direct photo upload, and other stuff. They don't need native MS Office Support, but should allow it to be Downloaded. The could be built with less metal then E series, and have lower price points. They should be less expensive, and have higher turn over.

BlackBerry Support needs to come back in the E series! If you (Nokia) build better hardware (which you should,) and include your software (which should be better) what do you risk besides converting others to you system. I need to have BlackBerry Messager for my work, so I have to have a BlackBerry, or a old Nokia that supports it. I can't buy a new Nokia device that works for me, and I know their are MANY others like me. At some point some manufactures are going to have a device that meets my needs enough that I will carry one device, I hope it is you. But if I don't change jobs, or you don't bring back BlackBerry support, it won't be a Nokia.

Maybe I'm wrong, I sure some of you will tell me I am. I'd just like to see Nokia bring their focus in on the consumer and meeting the consumer needs. I feel that they are starting to lose some of that focus, buy looking over their shoulder at the competition. I understand loosing market share and profit margins can case a panic, and the first reaction is to say "what are they (the competition) doing?" It simple, they are focusing on consumer needs and filling the void left in your offerings. It seems to me that Nokia of late has been very reactive, and less pro active on their handset side, maybe it's just me. I feel like Nokia is doing a lot of things to say "We've got that too" or, "We can do that" instead of "No one else has ______ like we do" or "What consumers really want and need is _______, let's do it, and do it the best way possible." I want to seem them break out, break ahead, and give us ALL something that makes us say "How did I ever live without this?" I think Nokia has a lot to offer, I own their stock, use their products, and hope to see improvements. They've come along way from a paper company, I want to see them go further still.

Anyhow, all that is way off topic. E72 is better than E71, and I will likely end up buying one as soon as the come down $50 off the launch price. I very much enjoy my E71, and having an improved one will be nice. As of now, no manufacture has a device that meets all my needs."

-------------------------

While I totally agree with most of thomwithah's sentiments, I would have to disagree on one point: I do not think that the E72 is any better than the E71. The additional features of the E72 certainly do not make it a worthy upgrade for me, for I can either find alternatives with the E71 or simply manage to go without them and remain satisfied. Aside from this, the E72 only seems to offer a facelift with more flashy metallic accents and home keys that look more challenging to press. I am still somewhat surprised that the 5 megapixel camera on this new phone is STILL at 15 frames per second when the E75 was double that amount just like the E90 Communicator!! At this point I can only guess that the slim profile of the E71 and E72 prevents them from getting a sensor big enough to support 30 frames per second, but I am most likely wrong in this regard.

The cons listed in thomwithah's comment post don't necessarily apply to me for the most part, but I can certainly empathize. I am 100% in agreement that Nokia appears to be getting stagnant in the mobile industry from a lack of innovation in the execution of certain products. I actually talked about this in a previous post not too long ago and still hold to that same opinion to this day. It seems that Nokia is slowly going into the same doldrum state that once upon a time plagued Palm and its stubborn dependency on an outdated operating system. However, I continue to prefer the Nokia brand because of my familiarity with its Symbian S60 OS and the mostly stable reliability and performance of its products. It simply works for my personal needs unlike any other brand that I have tried over the years. I would be lying if I said that I didn't feel like I was standing on the Titanic as it approached icebergs (maybe that's too strong), but it is good to be honest about Nokia's shortcomings nonetheless. Yes, I do sometimes wonder how in the hell it took Nokia so long to finally adopt touch into S60. Yes, I do sometimes wonder if the S60 operating system really is complex and sloppy from the ground up in its infrastructure; possibly explaining the potential difficulty in adapting it to new standards (like touch). Yes, I do wonder why my E71 currently does not have the option to download feature pack 2 so I can avoid having to spend money on the E72. There are so many questions and opportunities for improvement on every device that is already out there, so I do not think that this kind of brainstorming will ever come to an end.

The only common sense solution is compromise. The alternative would be to buy every single gadget one sees, but I figured common sense to be crucial in order to keep oneself from financial ruin. When a device is purchased, it is good to know that it can at least meet most if not all of the desired requirements that are important for everyday usage. I know that I can depend on the E71's portability and functionality with a number of applications, but taking video on the fly is a lost cause and I always refer to my Canon SD750 digital camera. Despite my lack of confidence in the E71's camera for video capture, I still recognize its value for still pictures (in well-lit areas) and am aware that good video footage is a luxury instead of a necessity. The next great step for me in compromising is the purchase of my new black N97. With both devices, one from the NSeries and the other from the ESeries, I am essentially meeting all of my needs with phones that are made for two different consumer markets.

As I continue to wait for the arrival of my black N97 (once the PayPal e-check clears), I am hopeful that my ownership of it along with the E71 will keep me content for my messaging and multimedia needs.

--

Trentonn Smith
Sent from my 13inch MacBook Aluminum
TRENT SENSE blogger/netcast host
trentonnsmith.blogspot.com
youtube.com/absolon3

Nokia E72 - an introduction

It looks like an amazing device, but I am still going to remain devoted to my E71. I must admit that the changes in the interface for S60 3rd edition with feature pack 2 are quite good along with the addition of a 5mpxl camera and a 3.5mm headset jack. However, I hope it is safe to assume that the frame rate of any video footage captured by the E72 is at 30 frames per second.

Despite the upgraded aspects of this model, the limitation of the screen still causes me to want to stay with my E71. Another concern could be with the optical navigation in the central d-pad.

Honestly, this is not much of a revolutionary change from the E71 like the N97.

Nokia N97 Arrival

One great result of having online connections is that I am now the soon-to-be owner of a new black Nokia N97! I got it at a great price from a friend who took advantage of the NokiaUSA pricing glitch that changed the retail value from $700 to $450!!! Since he didn't like the N97, he passed it on to me for $500!!! I was then able to cancel my Amazon.com order that would have cost me $600!! Even with shipping expenses added, I still came out of the deal with a new N97 for an amazing value! Not having to pay full price for a phone that was still brand new (my friend had just received his unit on June 11th) boggles my mind to this very moment! Not only had I saved $200 off the original amount of the phone, but this happened just in time for my completion of college in the next month! Upon finally earning my Associates Degree in Wireless Communications, there will also be a graduation present in the N97! I am EXCITED to be receiving this device next week, and will hold to my opinions until I can use it in person.

While I expected criticism of the touch interface for Symbian S60 5th edition, I hoped the opposite for the qwerty keypad. Just as I feared, there have already been accounts of the qwerty and d-pad being unpleasant to use due to their poor tactile feedback. While I love a reassuring "click" from typing on mobile devices, I think I can do without it as long as the keys don't feel like a stone slab. With my track record of previous gadgets, the qwerty still continues to be a most essential preference of mine that can easily claim the most importance. After reading a couple of online reviews and watching Steve Lichtfield's Phones Show netcast, I still have some initial concerns for the qwerty usability of the device. Well, let me take that back...I actually felt these concerns when I saw YouTube footage of N97 handsets being manufactured in a Nokia factory. I can still visualize that staff member who appeared to be placing a strip of flexible material onto where the qwerty was to be located. Quite frankly, my expectation for a high-quality keypad were dashed upon seeing such a sight. In the back of my mind I was horrified to imagine that Nokia would resort to using a cheap method for building a flagship device! Upon paying for such an expensive price for the N97, it is not unreasonable to expect a bit more than the bare minimum in regards to its craftsmanship. Not meaning to sound too critical, for I do realize that this model is truly worlds away from the low-cost, free upgrade flip phones of yesteryear. However, when the N97 is compared to current smartphones in the same pricing bracket, there should be no doubt of its being up to par. All I can do at this point is wait until the box arrives via courier.

Overall, I am hoping to maintain functionality comparable to my current E71 once I receive the N97. I am prepared to accept change that cannot be helped in certain situations, like the possible absence of efficient one-handed usage and compatibility with Nokia Messaging and Missing Sync for Symbian. It may take a while to adjust to leaving the form factor of the E71 with its quick access qwerty, but the slider may not be too bad on a daily basis. I did hear of a Messaging app version being available for S60 5th edition, but some previous online reviews from usage on the 5800 XpressMusic were not really promising. Having to return to the native messaging app will not be much of an inconvenience, considering the benefit of owning the N97. While I can be somewhat flexible in my acceptance of this new phone, having to deal with possible lack of Missing Sync may be more than I am willing to bear. I have also heard that there is no Apple iSync plug-in available at this time, but even if this was false I'd most likely still refuse to tolerate iSync's inconsistent performance. Nokia Sport Tracker would be great to have, but is only a luxury that can easily be replaced by the Nike Sport Kit that I continue to use with my iPod Touch. Unlocking Quickoffice should not be an issue since I can get my license transferred from the E71, and most of the other features in the menus should not be any different. A learning curve will definitely have to be in place to get accustomed to the new touch interface, but this only adds to the excitement!

In regards to multimedia, I am ecstatic to be returning to the NSeries line. While the E71 is sufficient, there's sometimes a lack of simple charm that is felt from its overall appearance in handling media. Galleries are bland when browsing photos and movies, and the sound from the mono speaker (though tolerable) leaves room for improvement. The E75 showed much more potential with its 3.5mm headphone jack and feature pack 2, but it suffered from a tiny screen and flat qwerty buttons. This N97 appears to blend every single feature that I would ever want in a Nokia!

I am also thankful to have had the opportunity to cancel my Amazon.com preorder for the white N97 and switch to the black instead. While white does have a flashy allure, it my be a bit too flashy for me. I can recall using the white E71 for a few days and feeling like I was playing with a toy instead of using a smartphone. I got much attention with the white, but it was usually from average phone users more interested in having a fashion accessory instead of a capable phone. I also didn't want to give the wrong impression of my character if I were to use this in a workplace environment. The difference from white to black can absolutely tread that fine line between "mobile professional" and "brat pack", but this only my opinion.

A week or two may be enough to determine whether the N97 is worth the effort to make the switch back to the NSeries, but we shall see. The days cannot go by fast enough as I await the arrival of my new Nokia!

TRENT
Sent from my Nokia E71
TRENT SENSE blogger/netcast host
trentonnsmith.blogspot.com
youtube.com/absolon3

Nokia N97 anticipation continues.

After much personal debate inside my own head about the usefulness to be gained from the N97, I still find myself anticipating it nonetheless. Even after coming to the conclusion that this phone would be too expensive to own, I am still considering the saving of funds in order to make it happen. What is it about this N97 that makes it such an enticing piece for me despite the opinions Howardforum.com naysayers? It's quite simply the convergence of a large touch screen and a qwerty along with other worthwhile features...and all on a Nokia!

I have owned sliding/folding qwerty phones in the past. Both the HTC TyTN 2 and Touch Pro were feature-packed and reliable to a point, and my short trial with the Nokia E75 was also on the same level. Also, I can honestly take into account the memorable Nokia E90 Communicator and E70 in the midst of this issue. What took away from overall usage efficiency for each of these devices was gaining access to the keypad. Whether there was unfolding or sliding to be done, it did take away from having the fast qwerty access of the E71/BlackBerry form factor. Being able to spend what seemed to be mere seconds in pulling out the E71 from a pocket, typing a response, and putting it back was a huge benefit for me no matter where I was throughout the day or night. The non-qwerty bars couldn't offer this fast method of response unless I was willing to use the stylus on the HTCs or T9 on the Nokias. Since I had become accustomed to the qwerty, these alternate methods were out of the question and I began shunning keypad sliders and folders altogether.

I am now ready to look into replacing my E71 that I have had the pleasure of using for the longest time, and the N97 may be the most promising. There is an excitement that comes at the thought of owning such a brand new product on the NSeries line up that has never been seen before. This isn't another N95 wannabe or a forgettable XpressMusic model, it is a TOUCH enabled Nokia with a SLIDING qwerty keypad! Just when I think that it can't get any better, the 3.5mm headphone jack, stereo speakers, 32GB storage, and 30fps camera are included in the package! The closer the release date comes for this model, I am getting all the more excited to see what is in store for all of the new adopters....and wondering if I will be one myself. In a sense, the N97 is what the iPhone and HTC TyTN/Touch Pro isn't: a mobile smartphone offering the same reliable Symbian OS functionality and features with a tactile qwerty and touchscreen. It seems to flawlessly blend all of the worthwhile aspects of the iPhone, E90, TyTN 2, and N95 into one entity that is sleek, desirable, and attainable. While it may not possess the portability benefits of the E71 at first sight, there may be other gains to consider such as the touch interface, stereo sound, advanced video quality and 3.5mm jack. I will take a risk and think it's safe to assume that the call quality and reception will be top notch as always.

The only possible concerns remaining involve compatibility with specific applications: Missing Sync for Symbian, Nokia Sport Tracker, Google Maps, Quickoffice and Nokia Mail. While I can live without these apps, Missing Sync is the most important and involves the synchronization of my PIM data between my E71 and Mac. Sport Tracker is not essential since I can continue using the Nike Sport Kit with my iPod Touch during my runs. Google Maps would be especially hard to do without, but its potential absence could give me time to become familiar with Nokia Maps and the Nokia Search function. I am almost 100 percent sure that Quickoffice and Nokia Mail will indeed be supported, so I currently have no plan B in the case of them being unavailable. The touch interface of the Symbian S60 version 5 does cause some concern from me as well, for the initial reviews from its presence on the XpressMusic 5800 model didn't really appear to be a landslide one way or the other. With the additional features of the N97, I am hoping that getting used to the new OS proves to be worth it. I will not lie to myself and expect it to be as fluid as the iPod Touch or iPhone, but I do expect adequate reliability for my personal use.

The Omnia HD is definitely a more advanced choice with superior graphics and a breathtaking screen, but watching videos will not be my main purpose and accepting the lack of a tactile qwerty is not feasible for me. No matter how much more accurate an on-screen touch keypad tries to be, I doubt that it can ever match the reliability of actual buttons. I prefer to not have the screen space dominated by character rows with only a small text box to see what's being typed. Having a separate qwerty allows me to have an undisturbed main screen for this kind of text entry. Watching videos would be fantastic on the Samsung, but I have been satisfied with the screen quality of past NSeries devices and the N97 seems suitable for me. Stereo speakers on the E90 and N95 were amazing for music playback, and I believe the N97 will be no different. There is a chance that the Omnia HD may surpass it, but this really isn't an issue for my personal taste. I admit that there is caution with relying on another Samsung product after my horrible experience with the Epix from AT&T (this could have been due to Windows Mobile). Despite its slimmer dimensions, the Omnia will never satisfy my needs without a tactile qwerty.

Palm seems to have come back from near death with the upcoming release of the Pre, but I have yet to be impressed until I read online reviews and play with a demo unit. From a previous encounter with the terrible qwerty on the Treo Pro, I am guessing that the Pre will not exhibit much of any difference in the user experience. Another potential turn-off about the Pre is the screen size in comparison to the N97. However, I am a bit curious to see how the WebOS turns out in the upcoming reviews from a number of users. The touch navigation looks to be just as impressive as the iPhone if not better. On the other hand, even mentioning the Pre at this point seems to be a lost cause since there is no GSM variant available at this time.

Overall, I am hopeful that the N97 will be a great release and a suitable E71 replacement...and the white looks pretty amazing. It's not that I dislike the black version, it's just that the white looks cleaner and has more of a pure aesthetic quality to it with the chrome accents. Black is much more common amidst mobile devices anyway, so why not mix up my arsenal a bit with a color alternative that's not tacky or gaudy? I will be sure to keep notice of how well it can be used with one hand and the sliding qwerty. I do figure that I may not be storing it in my pocket like the E71, but instead resurrect the black belt clip holder that I use for my backup Treo 750. I am not going to expect much from the beginning once I start to use it, but hope that it can match what the E71 can do for me in emails, messaging, calls, and PIM data management. I am certainly looking forward to a much better multimedia experience with the video capture on the camera, for the E71 has been lacking with its 15 frames-per-second quality. The music will no doubt be a pleasure to listen to from my current 16GB microSD card once I install it, and the included 32GB of storage will be a great addition for more media. On the Howardforums.com site, there are those who criticize Nokia for not fostering innovation and I have indeed been one of them. However, it has been a long time since a promising gadget appeared to be a cure-all for the tech toy addiction in me. Once I settled down and looked at the N97 for its benefits versus its potential pitfalls, there was definitely a chance to consider this as a worthy upgrade to the E90 Communicator (more so than the E75). There is some apprehension of slow OS performance from the prototype devices, but I am hopeful that this is not the case with the final production units. As for the rumor of an E71i model with a 5 megapixel camera, I think that I would have to wait and see.

TRENT
Sent from my Nokia E71
TRENT SENSE blogger/netcast host
trentonnsmith.blogspot.com
youtube.com/absolon3

First Look - Nokia N97

Nokia E71x: No good for me, but good for someone.

Upon taking a look at the Nokia E71x from AT&T the other day, I was thrilled to finally see the first updated qwerty bar model since the forgettable E62 from years past. To see a recent version of the Symbian OS was indeed a treat in regards to the limitations that can so often plague network-locked phones, but this is where the warm feelings had come to an end. It was no surprise to see the E71x lacking in web access, calendar views, and menu shortcut commands in the one hour I had spent at the network store, and I was all the more thankful for my unlocked E71-2 model.

I often do not hesitate to take on the "phone snob" mentality when I come across even one blunder on a mobile device, so it can take considerable effort on my part to be open minded in this manner. There could be a silver lining when I do consider the potential benefits of the E71x to the average AT&T customer. For someone who is only concerned about making/receiving calls/messages and possibly accessing email, there is no doubt I that the E71x can and will deliver flawlessly. The most recent Nokia models can be counted on to provide great sound quality, reliable reception, and suitable camera capability with the reassurance of Symbian functionality. While this depends on the overall stability of the AT&T ROM software installed onto the device, there is at least full tech support available if necessary.

From a different perspective, the changes in certain menus and shortcuts are actually beneficial in simplifying the Symbian OS. Honestly, I can remember the headaches of navigating the labyrinth of E62 menus and feeling like Link in a Zelda RPG video game. After years of experience I have come to be proficient in getting to where I need to go for certain tasks, but the normal AT&T user will not fit this criteria. Overall, I can give kudos to a certain extent to AT&T for at least attempting to make the Nokia E71x more accessible to the general American public.

However, the "phone snob" in me cannot help but address this issue of carriers having to go to such great lengths to alter a phone for its business. I can certainly understand that most people aren't experienced with phone usage and may need things simplified, but their best interest is not always at the forefront of the carrier's operations. There are some alterations to phones in general that still irritate me to no end, for they simply demonstrate the carrier's desire to make money off of the consumer at the expense of functionality freedom. For example, the GPS feature on a Samsung Epix model had been crippled to only work with AT&T Navigator and could not be accessed by Google Maps; this could possibly be the same case for the E71x. Years ago in beginning my stint with Verizon service, I was shocked to find out bluetooth had been crippled to only work with headsets! After I didn't know any better and figured I was at the mercy of the carrier, I discovered the unlocked Nokia E70-2 and hardly looked back since then to the locked models. With unlocked phones I tapped into a broader sense of enhanced phone usage that intrigued me, which gradually transformed me into the tech toy addict I am today!

Despite my being free of carrier dependence, I do realize that not all consumers need or want to be free in this manner. Some may be completely content with the device selection and some simply don't have the capacity to be concerned with such matters. With this in mind and knowing just how reliable the Nokia brand can be, I can say that the E71x can potentially be a great acquisition for an average user.

TRENT
Sent from my Nokia E71
TRENT SENSE blogger/netcast host
trentonnsmith.blogspot.com
youtube.com/absolon3

Nokia E71x sighting

I am currently standing in an AT&T store and taking a quick look at the Nokia E71x model that is on demo. From the appearance of the interface menus looking similar to the E75 I had a while back, I believe that Feature Pack 2 is installed on the E71x. A minor addition to the home screen is digital clock display on the taskbar toward the lower right corner of the screen.

Calendar:
Upon accessing the calendar, the default appearance is only consists of a full screen month view and not the dual frame view of the E71. Setting up new appointments also looks different with a simpler interface that is much more basic and straightforward. One minor element I am noticing is that there is no fluid animation movement with the cursor moving from one date block to another.

Contacts:
Contacts is known as the Address Book. While the layout of the default listing appears to be the same, there appears to be no convenient sub-menu arrow when a name is highlighted. In order to do anything with a contact, either the select key or the left Options key must be pressed.

Messaging:
Pressing the Messaging hotkey brings up the typical listing found on the E71, except for one addition: Instant Messaging. This gives a user access to either AOL, Yahoo, or Windows Live messenger services.

Camera:
Interface is the same as the unlocked E71, except for the Gallery being referred to as MyStuff.

There are software additions from the network: AT&T Music, Cellular Video, AT&T GPS, Yellow Pages, Media Mall, Media Net, and Games & Apps. In the main menus, there have been some rearranging of the icons. It looks like the Tools and Settings folders have had a number of the usual icons stashed within them to make the interface navigation easier to deal with.
Web application from the unlocked E71 appears to be completely gone and replaced with the Media Net icon. When I attempt to access the web, there is an error that prevents me from doing so (probably an issue with the demo). This possible lack of online access flexibility is disconcerting, but not at all surprising in the least. The Yellow Pages icon seems to be only a reincarnation of Google Maps.

There are a number of themes that come pre-installed on the E71x: Default, Black Minimal, Blue Angels, Majestic Mountains, Pebble Beach, and Sunflower. While the available choices do show potential with striking wallpaper photos and colorful theme layouts, there is only one that has caught my eye. The Black Minimal has a professional feel to it, complements the black form factor of the device, and provides great contrasting for navigation; it also appears to be the AT&T default with the network logo displayed on the home page wallpaper.

There is thankfully an onboard Quickoffice suite in the Games and Apps folder, but when I try to begin a new document there is a pop-up stating the lack of a license for the feature. Adobe PDF, My-Cast Weather, Mobile Banking, WikiMobile, and MobiTV are other apps included. Pre-installed games are Monopoly, Brain Challenge volume 2, WPT Texas Hold 'Em 2, and Collapse! Chaos. Of course, there is network access to buy more games and apps.   

I will post my thoughts on this device at a later date.

--
Trentonn Smith
Sent from my MacBook Aluminum
TRENT SENSE blogger/netcast host
trentonnsmith.blogspot.com
youtube.com/absolon3